The was a battle of the

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperi ...

, which occurred on July 4, 1868 (''Meiji 1, 15th day of the 5th month''), between the troops of the

Shōgitai The Shōgitai (, "Manifest Righteousness Regiment") was an elite samurai shock infantry formation of the Tokugawa shogunate military formed in 1868 by the hatamoto and Hitotsubashi Gosankyō retainer in Zōshigaya, Edo (now Tokyo). The Shōgi ...

under Shibusawa Seiichirō and Amano Hachirō, and Imperial "Kangun" troops.

Prelude

Though the Shōgitai was mostly made up of former Tokugawa retainers and residents of the surrounding provinces, some domains supported the Shōgitai, such as Takada ''han'' (Echigo Province, 150,000 ''koku''), Obama ''han'' (Wakasa Province, 103,000 ''koku''), Takasaki ''han'' (Kōzuke Province, 52,000 ''koku''), and Yūki ''han'' (Shimosa Province, 18,000 ''koku''). Facing them were the combined forces of the Chōshū, Ōmura, Sadowara,

Hizen was an old province of Japan in the area of the Saga and Nagasaki prefectures. It was sometimes called , with Higo Province. Hizen bordered on the provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo. The province was included in Saikaidō. It did not incl ...

, Chikugo, Owari, Bizen, Tsu, Inaba, and Higo domains, under the general command of Chōshū's

Ōmura Masujirō was a Japanese military leader and theorist in Bakumatsu period Japan. He was the "Father" of the Imperial Japanese Army, launching a modern military force closely patterned after the French system of the day. Early life and education Ōmura ...

. Shibusawa and Amano initially had the 2000-strong Shōgitai posted in Ueno to protect

Tokugawa Yoshinobu Prince was the 15th and last ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned of his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming ...

, who was, at the time, in self-imposed confinement at Ueno's Kan'ei-ji Temple, as well as Prince Rinnōji no Miya Yoshihisa, who was the abbot of the temple, and was to become the new dynastic leader of the Tokugawa resistance as "Emperor Tōbu". From their base, the Shogitai had been harassing Imperial troops, creating trouble in Edo, thus forcing the Imperial side, although outnumbered, to take action.''The last samurai'' Mark Ravina p.157
/ref>

Battle

The Shōgitai took up positions around

Kan'ei-ji (also spelled Kan'eiji or Kaneiji) is a Tendai Buddhism, Buddhist temple in Tokyo, Japan, founded in 1625 during the Kan'ei era by Tenkai, in an attempt to emulate the powerful religious center Enryaku-ji, in Kyoto. The main object of worship is ...

(寛永寺; an important Tokugawa family temple) and the nearby Nezu Shrine (根津神社).Yamakawa Kenjirō. ''Aizu Boshin Senshi'' Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1931, p. 196. When the battle began, the forces of Satsuma, led by

Saigō Takamori was a Japanese samurai and nobleman. He was one of the most influential samurai in Japanese history and one of the three great nobles who led the Meiji Restoration. Living during the late Edo and early Meiji periods, he later led the Satsum ...

, attacked head-on at the gate, but were stopped by the ''Shogitai'' forces, which were superior in number. The Satsuma forces suffered heavy casualties, until the forces of Choshu managed to make a second attack from the rear, which unblocked the tactical stalemate. While the Shogitai put up stiff resistance, the Tosa troops also used

Armstrong Armstrong may refer to: Places * Armstrong Creek (disambiguation), various places Antarctica * Armstrong Reef, Biscoe Islands Argentina * Armstrong, Santa Fe Australia * Armstrong, Victoria Canada * Armstrong, British Columbia * Armstrong ...

cannons and

Snider Snider may refer to: Places ;United States * Snider, West Virginia, an unincorporated community * Sniderville, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community Other uses * Snider (surname) *Snider–Enfield, a firearm See also *Snyder (disambiguation) *Sc ...

guns to devastating effect, thus ending the last center of resistance in Edo. According to Saigō Takamori: Ueno Battlefield

''Rinnōji no Miya'' escaped, reached

Enomoto Takeaki Viscount was a Japanese samurai and admiral of the Tokugawa navy of Bakumatsu period Japan, who remained faithful to the Tokugawa shogunate and fought against the new Meiji government until the end of the Boshin War. He later served in the Mei ...

's warship ''Chogei-maru'' and was dropped off further north, on the Pacific coast.

Harada Sanosuke was a Japanese warrior (''samurai'') who lived in the late Edo period. He was the 10th unit captain of the Shinsengumi, and died during the Boshin War. Background Harada was born to a family of ''chūgen'', or low-ranking quasi-samurai, who ser ...

of the

Shinsengumi The was a special police force organized by the (military government) during Japan's Bakumatsu period (late Tokugawa shogunate) in 1863. It was active until 1869. It was founded to protect the shogunate representatives in Kyoto at a time wh ...

is said to have joined the

, and died soon after this battle.Kikuchi Akira. ''Shinsengumi Hyakuichi no Nazo''. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Oraisha, 2000, pp. 228–229. About 300 Shogitai are said to have died in the battle, and a thousand houses were burnt in collateral damages. Ueno Shogitai tomb

References

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Prelude

Battle

References

Further reading